MAIRE CLEARY WARRIOR WOMAN
ARRESTED IN UPPER DORSET STREET
Maire Comerford, the gun-toting Countess Markievicz, Maud Gonne, Grace Clifford (Mrs Plunkett) - all were known to Maire Cleary. In the winter of 1973/74 I was lucky enough to meet Maire and her sisters Nellie and Esther in the fire station across the road from 21 Upper Dorset Street, Dublin.
I had no contact with them again before they both passed away in the 1980s. But I still remember the stories that unfolded in the kitchen. A stream of famous republicans had taken refuge or passed through the tenement at 21 Upper Dorset. Family traditon has it that Michael Collins made escapes via the lane at the back of Vaughans Hotel that led to Daniel Cleary's cooperage behind the tenement. On the morning of the Easter Rebellion, Sean MacEntee took refuge at 21 Upper Dorset whilst Maire visited Dublin brigade member Michael O'Flanagan in Mooore Street, where the republicans would eventually surrender. Writer Sean O'Casey was born on 30 March 1880 at 85 Upper Dorset Street.
(Right) The fire station where the Cleary women spent their last years and I was treated to one great historical journey.
EIGHT MONTHS IN GAOL
For many years I've tried to piece together Maire's place in the Irish Revolution. Maire was 30 years of age when she was arrested on 7 February 1923 - and Nellie (aged 18) was arrested sometime later. Nellie's name does not appear in a POW list in the Irish Daily Bulletin of April 6, 1923 but she appears in the records. The records held in Cathal Brugha Barracks indicate Nellie was released from Kilmainham on 11 September 1923. In her diary Maire lists her own release date - from the North Dublin Union - as 27 September, whereas the records have her released on 7 September. There is a possibility she was re-arrested.
Maire (Molly in the records and Maire in her diary entries) was held in Kilmainham after her detainment at Oriel House in February 1923 until being transferred to the North Dublin Union on 3 May 1923, after the hunger strike battle. It was a tradition for Republican prisoners to autograph each other's diary.
The first signing appears to be a little ditty about hanging in (1) Nellie Lambert's book, in April 1923. It's followed by a poem (2) 'Oh boys who died for Ireland' on 7 June in Bridget Reid's book, an inscription (3) 'Irish Republican Prisoner of War' in Mary Twamley's book on 15 June and the same inscription in (4) Lily Gleason's (sic) book on 5 August 1923.
Maire reveals her dry sense of humour - in relation to hanging - in Nellie Lambert's book - April 1923
Oh Boys who died for Ireland, Maire Cleary - Republican Prisoner - Civil War - 11 June 1923 in Bridget Reid's book.
Maire Cleary's signature in Mary Twamley's book - 15 June. Note the use of the Irish language and the words 'Concentration Camp'.
Maire's diary has notes about the hunger strike in April 1923, and has a signing in Irish by Nora O'Shea on 4 April 1923. Mary McSwiney - sister of hunger striker Terence McSwiney - signed her diary on 16 April 1923, two days into the hunger strike. Maire's diary also has a drawing identifying cells numbered 60/61/62 on the second floor and 33/32/31 left to right on the bottom floor of central hall, presumably opposite her cell.
CELL 61 KILMAINHAM
Nellie appears to have spent her whole time - Cell 61 - in Kilmainham. According to their niece, Joan Cleary, the Free State Army was looking for someone on the run, and when their mother wouldn't or didn't provide the information concerning the whereabouts, the army took the girl away. Nellie was released on the orders of a doctor, says Joan.
Sean MacEntee dressed as a women?
Joan Cleary's story about Nellie's civil war arrest included a reference to the Free Staters looking for a woman - by the name of Brown - from the North. Was the woman Sean MacEntee's wife, Margaret Brown, who was in fact from Tipperary? It was Joan Cleary's first cousin, Dan Howard, who first alerted me to the story of MacEntee escaping from Upper Dorset Street during the war of independence, supposedly dressed as a woman. It is a fact that MacEntee was in the house on the morning of the 1916 Easter Rebellion, but an alternate story is that he changed into Jackie Cleary's (Joan's father) clothes. MacEntee wrote of drying his clothes in Upper Dorset Street before being escorted to Liberty Hall by a commandant in the Dublin Brigade, Michael O'Flanagan, to meet the leaders of the rebellion. Maire had collected O'Flanagan from 40 Moore Street at 5.30 am.
It was Dan Howard, (Maire's nephew) who told me that when writing about the the events of Easter morning MacEntee had incorrectly identified Dan Ward as being the 'head of the family' that harboured him in Upper Dorset Street. This mistake prompted Ellen Cleary to rebuke him in a letter. Joan Doyle and Dan Howard both told of how MacEntee wrote to the sisters to correct his error. Along with thanking the family for its support on Easter morning and visiting the women in Upper Dorset Street, MacEntee gave Nellie a position as a cleaner in his Dail office - he was first elected to the Dail in 1927. His daughter Maire was married to Conor Cruise O'Brien and is famous in her own right as an Irish language poet.
Captured by the British after the Easter Rebellion, MacEntee was subsequently gaoled by the Free Staters while fighting alongside Cathal Brugha in Dublin in July 1922 at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was therefore in gaol well before the girls were arrested in 1923, so the soldiers obviously weren't looking for him when they arrested Maire in February 1923 and Nellie in September. The story about him being at Upper Dorset Street most likely centres on Easter Monday or a similar incident during the war of independence. If it was during the civil war it could only have been before his capture in July 1922.
Then again, I'm not sure whether he was actually arrested when Brugha was killed in July 1922, or sometime later. Commander of the Belfast Brigade, MacEntee came to Dublin in April 1921 two months before the Truce but voted against the Treaty in December 1921.
On a list compiled from Kilmainham records are some fascinating vignettes from the civil war. Mary (sic) Comerford, from the famous republican family is listed as having escaped from the NDU on 5 May 1923, two days after Maire Cleary arrived there. Maire Comerford had reported to Countess Markievicz at St Stephen's Green during the 1916 uprising. She was turned away due to her age. After her escape from the NDU in 1923 she was re-captured and held in Kilmainham where she went on a hunger strike. The Cleary girls were in good company.
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Maire's signature in Lily Gleeson's book - 5 August 1923.
Maire Cleary on the left and her sister, Nellie, on the right at the wedding of their niece, Rose Howard - daughter of Alice Cleary - in the 1950s.
Niece, Joan Cleary - at Nellie's left - and Mary McGee at the far right of photo.
Joan Cleary - daughter of John Cleary of Upper Dorset St - second from the left, middle row in a photo taken around 1947. John's brother Thomas served in the British Army. Photo provided by Marie Cleary - daughter of Daniel (b1916) and granddaughter of John. Marie is married to Paddy Fortune.Joan is in the wedding photo above.
NAMES OF OTHER PRISONERS I FOUND
On the same page that carries Maire and Nellie's names is recorded Peter Cassidy of 7 Usher Street, Dublin. He was executed on 17/11/22 after being arrested in Thomas Street, Dublin on 26/10/22 in possession of a webley .45 . It was a brutal time.
Mrs Tom Clarke, widow of the executed Easter Rebellion republican, appears also. She was arrested and released on the same day, 12 February 1923. Was she too famous to be treated badly? Records held at Cathal Brugha Barracks and kindly provided by Kilmainham Gaol in 2000. They are transcribed as they appear. Additional notes are mine. http://larkspirit.com/hungerstrikes/forgotten_strikes.htm
In Feb of 1923, 23 members of Cumann na mBan (including Mary and Annie MacSwiney, Lily Brennan and Nellie Ryan, sister-in-law of the Free State's Commander-in-Chief and Defence Minister Richard Mulcahy) went on strike for 34 days over illegal arrest and imprisonment without trial of prisoners. The strike resulted in the release of the women hunger-strikers.
On 23 May 1923, the Irish Civil War officially ended, but the state continued to go after republicans, keeping 12,000 men and women in prison and persecuting and harassing countless others. By October of 1923 tension was at an all-time high in the prisons and camps because of conditions and with no release in sight.
On 13 October 1923, Michael Kilroy, OC of the IRA pows in Mountjoy, announced a mass strike by 300 prisoners, and it soon spread to other jails, and within days 7,033 republicans were on hunger strike. The figures given by Sinn Fein at the time were Mountjoy Jail 462; Cork Jail 70; Kilkenny Jail 350; Dundalk Jail 200; Gormanstown Camp 711; Newbridge Camp 1,700; Tintown 1,2,3, Curragh Camp 3,390; Harepark Camp 100; and, 50 women in the North Dublin Union.
Good day, where is the autograph book you refer to ?Essie Snoddy was my mother, this is the first time we ever knew what cell she was in , mike purcell, kennedy street, carlow, ireland.
miceal puirseal [carlowmike@hotmail.com] A Brutal Time
Peter Cassidy On the same Civil War Prisoner List page that carries Maire and Nellie's names is recorded Peter Cassidy of 7 Usher Street, Dublin. He was executed on 17 November 1922 after being arrested in Thomas Street, Dublin on 26 October 1922 in 'possession of a full webley .45'. Cassidy was a member of the Dublin brigade of the IRA. It was a brutal time. Patrick Clare Patrick Clare, of 23 Heytesbury Street, Dublin, was arrested - 7 November 1922 - in possession of a Webley.
miceal puirseal [carlowmike@hotmail.com] A Brutal Time
Peter Cassidy On the same Civil War Prisoner List page that carries Maire and Nellie's names is recorded Peter Cassidy of 7 Usher Street, Dublin. He was executed on 17 November 1922 after being arrested in Thomas Street, Dublin on 26 October 1922 in 'possession of a full webley .45'. Cassidy was a member of the Dublin brigade of the IRA. It was a brutal time. Patrick Clare Patrick Clare, of 23 Heytesbury Street, Dublin, was arrested - 7 November 1922 - in possession of a Webley.
The cell of Grace Clifford - Mrs Plunkett - in Kilmainham